This paper gives a survey on different types of geometric models being suitable for numerical SIMULATION techniques. They are classified in coarse- AND fine-grain models for topologically 'rigid' AND topologically transient structures. For structural problems, these models are linked to the p-version of the finite element method, AND for problems in fluid dynamics, the Lattice Boltzmann method is applied.

In this study, a more accurate model of a fuel cell of molten carbonate was also used to determine input AND output control variables AND to investigate the behavior of the system with respect to those variables. A more complete kinetic was also implemented to increase the effectiveness of the presented paper. The input variables, methane ANDcell voltage, are included in the fuel flow rate of cell. The output of the model is the flow resulting from the cell which is a function of the electrochemical reaction rate, AND accordingly also a function of the state variables quantities. In the following, the model was used to simulate step response of each input AND then the dynamic behavior of cell was analyzed. The results indicate that as the fuel flow rate into the celllessens, the productivity of the fuel gets higher. Also, in the analysis of the fuel cell it was seen that the temperature of molten carbonate depends strongly on the amount of combustion of compositions in the combustion chamber. As the inlet concentration of methane, hydrogen AND carbon monoxide increased, the heat liberated from combustion was more AND increasing the system temperature which results in increased thermal stress in the molten carbonate fuel cell.

UgANDa as a developing nation, needs to exploit her renewable energy potential to maximum through extensive research in the field of solar engineering. Thus, this work tries to build up a comprehensive clearness index model at three categories; national, regional AND district on periodic (monthly) AND non-periodic (yearly) basis for this purpose. Approximately, this quest is proceeded with the acquisition of quadragenarious data from both National Aeronautics AND Space Administration (NASA) AND the on-station data from four locations in UgANDa. The data were arranged in the structural order of the proposed clearness index (CI) model in the MS-Excel spread sheet AND later exported to OriginLab to obtain the coefficients of the CI models. The statistical inference; the coefficient of determination ( 2 R ), were all tending to unity (1) which indicates the strength of the models obtained. It is observed that clearness index ranges for the different regions of UgANDa: Northern (0. 5288 – 0. 6077), Eastern (0. 5609 – 0. 6077), Central (0. 5123 – 0. 6224) AND Western (0. 5123 – 0. 5893). Besides, the empirical validation of the model results with the on-station data was carried out. There was good agreement between the simulated AND on-station data with the trace of deviations which could be attributed to the impact of latitude AND longitude of the failed locations. Furthermore, the present models were compared with the existing models, the deviation between the measured AND the present model was insignificant compared to the existing models. Therefore, the present model could be employed in the advancement of solar technologies in UgANDa.

In this paper, a class of new Duty-Cycle Modulators (DCM) is investigated. Although the duty-cycle involved in each case is a nonlinear function of the control signal, a numerical analysis indicates that one could develop an excellent linear approximation for an appropriate choice of design parameters. The class of DCM proposed combines duty-cycle modulation AND analog signal processing techniques in a single operational amplifier circuit. SIMULATIONs are conducted under constant AND variable controls using Electronic Work Bench in order to test AND validate the proposed class of modulation circuits. As an implication, the class of signal conditioning systems investigated in this study will have a number of applications in industrial instrumentation.